| The first excerpt represents the element of Air. It speaks of mental influences and the process of thought, and is drawn from Euthydemus by Plato: educated man which spelling or arithmetic do to the mind of a child. It
was long before the new world of ideas which had been sought after with
such passionate yearning was set in order and made ready for use. To us
the fallacies which arise in the pre-Socratic philosophy are trivial and
obsolete because we are no longer liable to fall into the errors which are
expressed by them. The intellectual world has become better assured to us,
and we are less likely to be imposed upon by illusions of words.
The logic of Aristotle is for the most part latent in the dialogues of
Plato. The nature of definition is explained not by rules but by examples
in the Charmides, Lysis, Laches, Protagoras, Meno, Euthyphro, Theaetetus,
Gorgias, Republic; the nature of division is likewise illustrated by
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The second excerpt represents the element of Fire. It speaks of emotional influences and base passions, and is drawn from Father Goriot by Honore de Balzac: but one fear left, but one misery to dread--to lose the love that
has made me feel glad to live. Everything else is as nothing to
me compared with our love; I care for nothing else, for you are
all the world to me. If I feel glad to be rich, it is for your
sake. To my shame be it said, I think of my lover before my
father. Do you ask why? I cannot tell you, but all my life is in
you. My father gave me a heart, but you have taught it to beat.
The whole world may condemn me; what does it matter if I stand
acquitted in your eyes, for you have no right to think ill of me
for the faults which a tyrannous love has forced me to commit for
you! Do you think me an unnatural daughter? Oh! no, no one could
 Father Goriot |