| The third excerpt represents the element of Water. It speaks of pure spiritual influences and feelings of love, and is drawn from Euthyphro by Plato: and such an action is pious, such another impious.
EUTHYPHRO: I will tell you, if you like.
SOCRATES: I should very much like.
EUTHYPHRO: Piety, then, is that which is dear to the gods, and impiety is
that which is not dear to them.
SOCRATES: Very good, Euthyphro; you have now given me the sort of answer
which I wanted. But whether what you say is true or not I cannot as yet
tell, although I make no doubt that you will prove the truth of your words.
EUTHYPHRO: Of course.
SOCRATES: Come, then, and let us examine what we are saying. That thing
or person which is dear to the gods is pious, and that thing or person
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The fourth excerpt represents the element of Earth. It speaks of physical influences and the impact of the unseen on the visible world, and is drawn from The Odyssey by Homer: sheep, and divided them equitably amongst us so that none might
have reason to complain. As for the ram, my companions agreed
that I should have it as an extra share; so I sacrificed it on
the sea shore, and burned its thigh bones to Jove, who is the
lord of all. But he heeded not my sacrifice, and only thought
how he might destroy both my ships and my comrades.
"Thus through the livelong day to the going down of the sun we
feasted our fill on meat and drink, but when the sun went down
and it came on dark, we camped upon the beach. When the child
of morning rosy-fingered Dawn appeared, I bade my men on board
and loose the hawsers. Then they took their places and smote the
 The Odyssey |